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Home Tuition in Chandigarh Mohali Panchkula 9041443833

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J ERROR DETECTION J

Q1. Everything but books are sold in the market store.

Ans. Correct answer is:

Everything but books is sold in the store.

Reason:

Whenever in a sentence, it is used everything but or nothing but; in these type of sentences, no matter that the noun used is countable or uncountable (as in the above sentence, it is used books and further no matter if they used book), the verb will always be singular (as are is replaced by is).

Q2. Not only Ram but also his parents was present in the wedding.

Ans. Correct answer is:

Not only Ram but also his parents were present in the wedding.

Reason:

If we have two different subjects and they are joining from a word not only & but also  (as here Ram and parents are two different verbs joining from not only and but also,) then we replace a verb according to the second subject (as here, second subject is parents, therefore we use were instead of was as parents are plural. We use verb according to a subject).

Q3. Most of the work have been done.

Ans. Correct answer is:

Most of the work has been done

Reason:

Whenever we have any of these words in our sentences: most of, enough of, variety of, a lot of, many, plenty of; and in that sentence if it uncountable noun is there (like in this sentence work is uncountable), then we place singular verb with it (as we use has, instead of have).

Q4. Most of the boys was absent

Ans. Correct answer is:

Most of the boys were absent

Reason:

Whenever we have any of these words in our sentences: most of, enough of, variety of, a lot of, many, plenty of; and in that sentence if it countable noun is there (like in this sentence boys are uncountable), then we place plural verb with it (as we use were, instead of was).

Q5. I visited Rajesh’s and Seema’s house twice but found the couple absent.

Ans. The correct answer is:

I visited Rajesh and Seema’s house twice but found the couple absent.

Reason:

If we have two subjects (like here Rajesh and seema) whose belongings are same (as here, we can see in a sentence the word couple is used), then place (‘s)  with the last on subject only.

Q6. The police have received three important informations that helped them to solve the robbery case.

Ans. The correct answer is:

The police have received three important information that helped them to solve the robbery case.

Reason:

Here, in this sentence we replaced informations with information. This is because we never use the word informations in any case as there is no word like informations. So we use information. And one more thing, we cannot change have into has here. As have is correct. We use has when police is singular and police is singular only when it is written police man. As here it is written police, therefore we used have.

Q7. Everyone considered him as a brave man but he fled from the battle field.

Ans. The correct answer is:

 Everyone considered him a brave man but he fled from the battle field.

Reason:

We removed as from the sentence because there are many certain words which don not follow as with it. These words are: considered, name, elect, call, select, appoint.

Q8. I declined the invitation not because I did not want to go but because I have no time.

Ans. The correct answer is:

I declined the invitation not because I did not want to go but because I had no time.

Reason:

In the above sentence, the meaning goes with a past tense, as here declined is a past tense and did is a past tense, therefore we will use had instead of have.

And if we have two future tenses, then only we can use one present tense and another future tense. A part from that if it is in past tense, from starting till ending, we have to use past tense only.

Q9. Unless these differences will be resolved soon there will be an adverse effect on foreign investment.

Ans. The correct answer is:

Unless these differences will be resolved soon there will be an adverse effect on foreign investment.

Reason:

First of all, we need to understand that what is the difference between unless & until as we cannot use until in replace of unless. Until is used whenever there is a time and unless is used whenever there is a condition used. So in this sentence we cannot use until instead of unless. And there is one more point that whenever in any sentence, if the word unless or until is used, then in that particular sentence the word ‘NOT’ can never be used. This is because unless and until are itself a negative word.

Now, the real reason behind this sentence is, we never use two future tense in one sentence. Hence the first task is considered in present tense (as here there are two future tenses, one is with differences ‘will be’ resolved and another one is with soon there ‘will be’ an adverse. So the first task is differences will be resolved. There we are going to change this with a present tense, so differences ‘are’ resolved. And here we apply ‘are’ because differences are in plural).

Q10. When she received the good news, she ran straightly to call up her parents.

Ans. The correct answer is:

When she received the good news, she ran straight to call up her parents.

Reason:

We use the word straight here instead of straightly. This is because, there is no word like: straightly, faulty etc. Therefore we use straight only.

Q11. He was made to clean his room.

Ans. The correct answer is:

He was made to clean his room.

Reason:

This is not important that every sentence contains error. In this statement, there is no error.

Q12. He was made cleaning his room.

Ans. The correct answer is:

He was made to clean his room.

Reason:

We cannot use the word cleaning in this sentence. This is because, in this sentence, there is made word used. And we know whenever in a sentence, the word made is there, then after made, we always use ‘to + verb 1^st form’

Q13. I am looking forward to meet you.

Ans. The correct answer is:

I am looking forward to meeting you.

Reason:

In this sentence we use meeting instead of meet. This is because, there are certain words like: looking forward to, used to,  accustom to, with a view of, avoid; if any of these words are used ina sentence then we always use ‘ing’ form of verb.

Q14. Roses smell more sweetly than any other flower.

Ans. The correct answer is:

Roses smell sweeter than any other flower.

Reason:

Whenever in any sentence, if these words are used: smell, look, appear, taste, hear, etc. all these words are verbs of sensation. We cannot place adverb after it (as in this sentence sweetly is an adverb), so when these words are used, we have to use adjective (as sweeter is an adjective).

Q15. Sumit is busy in his preparations for his examination.

Ans. The correct answer is:

Sumit is busy with his preparations for his examination.

Reason:

Remember one thing that, after the word busy, there is only one preposition used which is with. So we have to replace in placing with.

Q16. Do not talk as though you are not answerable for this mess.

Ans. The correct answer is:

Do not talk as though you were not answerable for this mess.

Reason:

If we use even though, as though, even if, if or wish in a sentence, then in that sentence we only place ‘were’ with it, no matter that the subject is singular or plural (as in this sentence we place were instead of are)

Q17. The army chief visited formation head quarter of the force in north Sikkim and were briefed by top commanders about the entire situation.

Ans. The correct answer is:

The army chief visited formation head quarter of the force in north Sikkim and was briefed by top commanders about the entire situation.

Reason:

In this sentence, we are talking about army chief and we know that army chief is a one man only. Therefore we use was instead of were in the sentence.

Q18. President highlighted India’s rich diversity saying the country, must move forward as a whole and not by caste or community.

Ans. The correct answer is:

The President highlighted India’s rich diversity saying the country, must move forward as a whole and not by caste or community.

Reason:

We always use ‘The’ before President.

Q19. The opposition yesterday had decided to keep away from the special midnight June 30 meeting convened by the government on GST implementation.

Ans. The correct answer is:

The opposition yesterday decided to keep away from the special midnight June 30 meeting convened by the government on GST implementation.

Reason:

Whenever in a sentence, if these words are given: last week, few days ago, last month, last year, yesterday or something related to the past days, then we make the sentence in past indefinite (as here we do not write had, because to make a sentence in past indefinite).

Q20.  India’s the latest communication satellite GSAT-17 was successfully launched by a heavy duty rocket of Arianespace from French Guiana.

Ans. The correct answer is:

 India’s latest communication satellite GSAT-17 was successfully launched by a heavy duty rocket of Arianespace from French Guiana.

Reason:

If there is a possession noun (as here India’s is a possession noun as ‘s is used), so after possession noun, we never use The.

Q21. The annual Yatra to the holy shrine of Amarnath began from the twin routes of pahalgam and baltal amidst tight security arrangements.

Ans. The correct answer is:

The annual Yatra to the holy shrine of Amarnath began from the twin routes of pahalgam and baltal amidst tight security arrangements.

Reason:

There is no error in the given sentence.

Q22. Security forces detected and destroyed two IEDs in Pulwama district off Kashmir.

Ans. The correct answer is:

Security forces detected and destroyed two IEDs in Pulwama district of Kashmir.

Reason:

As in this sentence, off replaced to of. Because off means separated or turn off, but off doesn’t make any sense here and not touches a part of preposition here, rather we use of to make sentence correct.

Q23. Woman and children involved with groups like Islamic state are increasingly returning to their home countries in Europe with some posing a terror risk, a senior EU officer said.

Ans. The correct answer is:

Women and children involved with groups like Islamic state are increasingly returning to their home countries in Europe with some posing a terror risk, a senior EU officer said.

Reason:

Woman is used for singular whereas women is used for pluraland in this sentence plural form is required.

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Here are Few Notes Presented by our Tutors

CHAPTER- 2 (LAW OF DEMAND)

Q1. Define desire?

Desire means a wishful thinking of a consumer when a consumer wants to buy a commodity but he does not have a money to buy it.

Q2. Define want?

When a consumer wants to have a commodity and also have a money to buy it but he is not ready to spend that money to purchase a commodity. It remains a want only.

Q3. Define demand?

Demand refers to that quantity of a commodity when the consumer is able and willing to buy at a given price at a given time.

Q4. What are the essential elements of demand?

a)    Desire for a commodity

b)   Money to fulfill desire

c)    Ready to part with money

Q5. Explain the determinants of demand or factors affecting demand?

There are two types of factors/determinants which affects demand:

I)            Factors affecting individual demand:

a)    Price of the commodity = price of the commodity is inversely affects the demand for the commodity i.e. demand for a good rises with a fall in the price and demand for a good fall with the rise in price of that good.

b)   Income of the consumer = by income is meant disposable income, for studying the affect of income on demand a distinction is between normal goods and inferior goods.

i)     Normal goods – when with the rise in income of a consumer, the demand for the goods rises. It is said to be a normal goods. Example: cotton cloths, basmati rice etc.

ii)    Inferior goods – a good whose demand by the consumer falls with the with the rise in income of that consumer. Example: synthetic cloths, permal rice etc.

c)    Price of related goods = Related goods are of two types:

i)     Substitute goods – substitute goods are those goods which can be used in place of each other to satisfy one particular want. Example: pepsi and coke. With the rise in price of substitute goods (pepsi), the demand for the given commodity (coke) will increase.

ii)    Complementary goods – complementary goods are those goods which are demanded jointly to satisfy one particular want. Example: car and petrol. With the rise in price of complementary good (car), the demand for the given commodity (petrol) will fall.

d)   Taste and preference = every consumer wants to buy a commodity according to his taste and preferences. If taste and preference of the consumer are in the favor of the commodity, demand will increase and if taste and preference of the consumer are not in the favor of the commodity, demand will fall.

e)    Future expectation = if the consumer is expecting rise in price of the commodity in near future, he will buy more at the existing price in the present time and vice-versa.

II)         Factors affecting market demand:

a)    Population = if size and population increases, market demand of the commodity will also increase. And if size and population decreases, market demand will also decrease.

b)   Distribution of income = if distribution of income is equal, the demand of the commodity will come from all the sections of  the society causing market demand to the rise. When the distribution of income is unequal, market demand will be less.

c)    Season or climate = the seasonal or weather condition affect the market demand for the commodity. Example: during winters demand for woolens increases.

Q6. State and explain law of demand with schedule and diagram?

Keeping other factors to be constant, when with the rise in price, demand fall and with the fall in price demand rise. That is, quantity demanded of a commodity is inversely related to the price of a commodity.

Price	Demand
10	5
20	4
30	3
40	2
50	1

In the above diagram, p2 is the normal price and Q2 is the normal quantity. When prices rises from P2 to P1, demand fall from Q2 to Q1. When prices fall from P2 to P3, demand rises from Q2 to Q3. Hence demand curve made.

Q7. Define demand schedule? Explain its types?

Demand schedule refers to the table showing quantity demanded at different price levels of a particular commodity in the market.

Demand schedule is of two types:

a)    Individual demand schedule = individual demand schedule refers to the table showing different quantities of a commodity. A consumer is willing to buy at different prices assuming no change in other factors.

Price	Demand
10	5
20	4
30	3
40	2

b)   Market demand schedule = market demand schedule refers to the table shoeing different quantities of a commodity which all the consumers of a particular commodity are willing to buy at different prices assuming no change in other factors.

Prices	Quantity A	Quantity B	Quantity (A+B)
10	5	6	11
20	4	4	8
30	3	3	6
40	2	2	4
50	1	1	2

Q8. Define demand curve? Explain its types?

Demand curve refers to the graphic presentation showing quantity of demanded at different price levels of a particular commodity in the market.

Demand curve are of two types:

a)    Individual demand curve = individual demand curve refers to the graphic presentation showing different quantities of a commodity. A consumer is willing to buy at different prices assuming no change in other factors.

Price	Demand
10	15
15	10
20	6
25	4
30	2

b)   Market demand curve = market demand curve refers to the graphic presentation showing different quantities of a commodity which all the consumers of a particular commodity are willing to buy at different prices assuming no change in other factors.

Prices	Quantity A	Quantity B	Quantity (A+B)
10	5	6	11
20	4	4	8
30	3	3	6
40	2	2	4
50	1	1	2

Q9. What are the causes of law of demand? , or

Why does demand curve slopes downward? , or

Why is there a negative relation between price and quantity demanded? , or

Why more is demanded at a less price and less is demanded at a high price?

a)    Size of consumer group = with the fall in price of a commodity, many new consumers enter in to the market because they can afford to buy at a less price which leads to rise in demand. With the rise in price, many consumers leave the market who cannot afford to buy at a high price so demand falls.

b)   Alternative uses = those commodities which can be put to many uses, with the rise in price of such commodity its demand falls because a consumer starts using it only for an important purposes. Example: electricity. Whereas with the fall in price, consumer use the commodity for different purposes, so its demand rises.

c)    Substitution effect = it refers to the use of cheaper commodity in place of the dearer one. With the rise in price of a given commodity, its demand falls because consumer shifts their demand to its close substitute and vice – versa.

d)   Real income effect = real income effect refers to the effect of change in income due to change in price on the quantity demanded of a commodity. With the fall in price, real income of the consumer increases leads to rise in demand and vice –versa.

e)    Law of diminishing marginal utility = according to this law, when the consumer consumes more and more unit of a same commodity, utility derived from every additional unit goes on diminishing. A consumer equates price of the commodity with its marginal utility. Since more units of the commodity gives him less and less marginal utility, so, he will demand more only when the price is less.

Q10. What are the exceptions to the law of demand? , or,

When does demand curve have a positive slope or upward slope? , or,

When will more is demanded at a high price and less is demanded at a low price?

a)    Articles of distinction = articles of distinction are the social status goods which are demanded more only when their price rises. Example: diamonds, costly cars, rare painting etc.

b)   Ignorance = sometimes, out of ignorance, a consumer buys  more of a commodity when its price is high and may even buy less at a low price by thinking that the quality of a commodity is not that good.

c)    Giffen goods = giffen goods are the special type of inferior goods in case of which price effect is positive and income effect is negative. Example: dalda ghee, bajra, poor quality of rice.

Q11. Differentiate between change in quantity demanded and change in demand?

Change in quantity demanded, or, movement on or along demand curve

Change in demand, or, movement of demand curve, or, shifts in demand curve

Keeping other factors to be constant, when demand changes due to change in price. It has two situation: a)    Expansion of demand: keeping other factors to be constant, when with the fall in price, demand rises There is a downward movement along with demand curve. b)   Contraction of demand: keeping other  factors to be constant, when with the rise in price, demand falls. There is upward movement along with demand curve.

Keeping price to be constant, when demand changes due to change in other factors. It has two situation: a)    Increase in demand = keeping price to be constant, when demand increases due to change in other  factors in favor of commodity.        There is a rightward shift in demand curve. b)   Decrease in demand = keeping price to be constant, when demand decrease due to change in other Factor in disfavor of commodity. There is a leftward shift in demand curve.

Q12. What are the causes of increase in demand?

a)    When there is increase in income of the consumer for normal goods.

b)   When there is fall in the income if the consumer for inferior goods.

c)    When there is increase in the price of substitute goods.

d)   When there is fall in the price of complementary goods.

e)    When consumer expects rise in price of the commodity in near future.

f)    When taste, habit and preferences of the consumer are in favor of commodity.

g)    When there is change in season or climate in favor of commodity.

Q13. What are the causes of decrease in demand?

h)   When there is fall in income of the consumer for normal goods.

i)     When there is rise in the income if the consumer for inferior goods.

j)    When there is fall in the price of substitute goods.

k)    When there is rise in the price of complementary goods.

l)     When consumer expects fall in price of the commodity in near future.

m)  When taste, habit and preferences of the consumer are in disfavor of commodity.

n)    When there is change in season or climate in disfavor of commodity.

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